CVE-2026-54912 WAMR fast interpreter loader heap buffer overflow via constant deduplication mismatch
Description
WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, the two-pass fast interpreter loader in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c can make inconsistent constant-table decisions between the sizing pass and the emitting pass. After duplicate constants inflate the first pass beyond the constant-slot limit, wasm_loader_get_const_offset emits later constants inline, but the between-pass sort and deduplication reduces the table so the second pass can choose table references and cause reserve_block_ret to emit additional copy operands that were not included in code_compiled_peak_size. A crafted module can therefore make the second pass write partially attacker-controlled compiled-code data beyond the heap buffer allocated from the first pass's size calculation during wasm_runtime_load, before guest code executes. This can corrupt host heap metadata and deterministically crash the process, causing denial of service; further consequences depend on the host application's heap layout. Builds using WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=1 are affected; disabling the fast interpreter avoids the vulnerable loader. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.
CVSS 4.0 detail
Vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NExploitable remotely over the network, without an account and without any user action; an attacker can seriously compromise confidentiality, integrity or availability.
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- None
- Privileges required
- None
- Interaction
- None
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
- Confidentiality of other systems
- None
- Integrity of other systems
- None
- Availability of other systems
- None
Affected products and versions
| Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| wasm-micro-runtime 2.4 | earliest → < 2.4.5 | 2.4.5 |